Kath Walker-Timeline / Turning points / Achievements

1920-She was born in 1920. 1933 - She left school 1941 - She joined the Australian Women's Army service. 1958 - She joined the Queensland council for the advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. 1960 - She attended the FCAA annual conferences. 1962 - She became the first Queensland state secretary and she read her Aboriginal Charter of Rights. 1964 - She had become the first Aboriginal poet to see her work published.It was reprinted six times. 1968 - She attended a world council of churches consultation on racism in London. 1970 - She supported the Pittock amendments to the FCAAT 1970s- She returned to her Stradbroke Island. 1974 - She survived a hijacking in Dubai of airliner on which she was travelling. 1983 - She appointed to the Aboriginal Arts Board of the Federal Government Australia Council. 1987 - She changed her name to Oodgeroo Noonuccal. 1993 - She died aged 72 year. Turning points -She joined the Australian Women's Army Service,was a positive experience for her,she was accepted without prejudice and learned new skills. -She joined the communist party of Australia at a time when it was the only party that was vocal in its opposition to racial discrimination. - She was political philosophy changed when she attended a world council of churches consultation on racism in London. - She remained politically active, she returned to her beloved Stradbroke Island were art and education. - She changed her name to Oodgeroo Noonuccal. -She was appointed to the Aboriginal Arts Board of the Federal Government Australia Council. Achievements - She established Moongalba as a cultural and educational centre. - She worked for a treaty between Black and White Australians. - Her first collection of poems was reprinted six times over the next twelve months.

Fred Hollows-Turning Points & Achievements

Turning Points -Holiday job in mental hospital:change to psychology, then medicine. -Met first wife Mary, came to Australia. -Took ophthalmology job in Australia. -frank Hardy's talk influenced investigation into Aboriginals' eye disease. -A researcher at a party invited him to take medical team to treat eye problems of aboriginal people. -On 1975 Fred's first wife, Mary died and in 1980 he married Gabi. Achievements -In 1965 he was head of the Eye Department at a Sydney hospital. -He helped set up the first Aboriginal Medical Service. -He helped launch a national program to attack eye disease in Aboriginal Australians. -He treated 30,000 people,performed a thousand operations and prescribed more than 10,000 pairs of glasses. - He helped Eritreans to build their own eye lens factory.He asked Australians to support his dream. they donated more than 6 million dollars. -Human Rights Medal for his work in third world countries.

Nelson Mandela- Turning points &Achievements

Turning points -Whilst at university Nelson Mandela because increasingly aware of the unjust nature of South African The majority of Black South Africans had little opportunities either economic or politics. -Expelled from Fort Hare for organising a student strike. -Mandela had to resign from the ANC and work underground. -In 50s there was an extremely lengthy Treason Trial in which Mandela and several others were charged with treason. -However in 1960 the sharpeville massacre of 63 black African's changed the whole political climate. -However in 1962 Mandela had been arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. Although negotiations were painfully slow and difficult, they eventually led to Mandela's release in 1990. -Mandela recently lost his eldest son to this disease and Mandela has worked hard to campaign on this issue. Achievements -Mandela was able to finish his degree and qualified. -In 1952 Mandela and Tambo opened the first Black Law firm in South Africa. -In 1944 helped found the ANC Youth League, whose Programme of Action was adopted by the ANC. -Conducting their own defence they eventually proved to be victorious. -However on 10 May 1994 Nelson Mandela was inaugurated as the first democratically elected state President of South Africa. -His advocacy of reconciliation led to international acclaim and importantly the trust of the White African population. -He is one of the few politicians who have gone beyond a political role; he is widely admired and has received many prestigious awards. -In 1993 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Fred Hollows- Timeline

1929 - he was born in New Zealand.
1965 - he took up the position of Associate professor of ophthalmology NSW.
1975 - he set up the National Trachoma and Eye Health Program (NTHEP).
1988 - he diagnosed with cancer/ he raised money to build intraocular lens manufacturing lab.
1990 - he was awarded for treating curable blindness in many third world countries.
1991 - he visited Vietnam and Nepal, helped around 30,000 people.
1992 - he has been setting up eye health clinics in some of the world's poorest countries.
1993 - he died in his Sydney home with cancer.
1994 -  Laboratory opened in Eritrea and laboratory and Surgical Eye Centre opened in Nepal.

Nelson Mandela- Time line

1918 - Mandela was born in Qunu, near Umtata-South Africa
1952 - Mandela opened the first black law firm in South Africa
1944 - Mandela helped to found the ANC  youth league
1952 - pushed ANC for more direct action
1962 - Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprison
1990 - Mandela was released from prison
1993 - He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
1994 - He was elected president of South Africa
1999 - Mandela was no longer president of South Africa
2013 - Mandela died at his home